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Research Article: Mahjoub et al 55

diet over a period of two years. For manure Manure Manure
comparison only, we collected fresh manure from from
samples from cows fed a local common basal Properties Unit Basis Cows Cows
fed
fed
diet-containing soybean as a control (CON) and MFD CON
compared its chemical and physical Dry matter wt% wet 17.96 17.86
composition to fresh manure collected from Volatile
cows fed on MFD .On the other hand, we solids wt% dry 86.64 80.70
compared the composition of milk-fat produced
by cows fed on MFD to a world-renowned Ash wt% dry 13.36 19.26
brand butter fat sample. MFD was prepared Carbon wt% dry 50.22 46.80
once a day in the morning and fed to cows four Nitrogen wt% dry 1.65 2.20
times/24h, namely at 7am, 13:00, 17:00 and C/N wt% dry 30.40 21.27
20:00. Notably, cows were free-stall most of the
day with access to outdoor and fed through Ammonia wt% wet 0.07 0.21
designated feeding box. Finally, cow bedding Fiber wt% dry 53.11 49.58
was made of dried odour-less dried manure . Calcium wt% dry 2.34 2.07
Sample Collection and Measurement - milk Phosphorus wt% dry 0.17 0.26
production and composition. Cows were milked
2x daily with milk yields average around the Potassium wt% dry 0.67 0.72
year approximately 25 liter/day. Milk samples Sodium wt% dry 0.17 0.14
were obtained by automated milking machine Chloride wt% dry 0.21 0.83
and collected into clean and steamed Iron wt% dry 0.011 0.012
containers, with measurements performed
within one hour at the laboratories of the Electrical μS/cm - 180 470
National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), conductivity
Damascus, Syria. GC-MS standard protocols PH - - 7.7 7.25
were used for fatty acid analysis (Thermo MFD = Mahjoub’s feedstock diet; CONT = fed basal diet containing
soybean (meal local common diet)
Scientific, USA) while amino acid analysis was
performed by amino acid analyser (Agilent, Analysis of Protein and Fat in Milk Products
USA). All chemical and colorometric assays for We compared the amino acid (AA) profile
total protein and manure analysis were between MFD and cow milk to explore the
performed using standard protocols at NCBT .
possible cow/rumen conversion of AA in vivo
(Fig 1). To study the effect of MFD on fat profile,

Results we compared the fat contents in milk-fat from
Feed Diet Analysis MFD-fed cows to a globally well-known butter
Chemical analyses were performed on brand (Fig 2) .
Mahjoub's feedstock diet (MFD) (Table 1) .
Effect of Mahjoub's feedstock diet on Manure
Nutrient Content. The characteristics of the
manure samples from cows fed MFD and meal
local common diet are shown in Table 2 .

Table 2. Characteristics of the manure samples from
cows fed Mahjoub's feedstock diet and meal local
common diet

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